In the last blog entry Kenneth detailed how he finishes his Windsor chairs. This one is all about finishing his beautiful wooden spoons. We publish it here as an addendum to our workshops, where there is time to learn to make green wood items, but rarely time enough to do the oil finishes that will protect and preserve them. These blog entries are a guide to give complete information to our students and others who are looking for details of how to finish certain handcrafts. - AK I prefer to use raw tung oil on spoons, as opposed to the polymerized oil which is the finish I use on chairs, the polymerized is a bit more expensive. It is available from Lee Valley. Many people like to use raw linseed oil on spoons and bowls, I like the tung oil because it hardens off to a more durable and hard protection for the wooden ware. Jögge Sundquist told me that he likes linseed oil over tung oil because he says he doesn't like the way the tung oil smells. I don't think he has used it with the Citri-magic which has a lovely lemon or orange smell. Linseed oil is also a more traditional finish for wooden ware in Scandinavia. You can use polymerized tung oil if that’s what’s available, and I occasionally use it for a touch up on spoons, it is a finish that builds up layers fast. It is expensive to get enough to soak the spoons in it. For my standard spoon finishing, I cut the tung oil 50/50 with a citrus based solvent called Citra-magic, which makes the tung oil dry faster and allows it to penetrate better. Plus I think a natural solvent is a more pleasant way to thin the oil, and it smells really nice, like oranges. (I buy Citra-magic in bulk from the Shelter Institute here in Maine, or the Milk Paint Company also sells it.) There are citris based household cleaners that might confuse you so make sure it is a solvent and not a household cleaner. For my soaking mixture, I mix half raw tung oil and half solvent together in a large jar. I will soak any smaller items like spoons or butter/jam spreaders overnight with the jar’s lid on. If the item I’m finishing is too large to fit entirely into the oil I’ll drape a plastic bag over the top. Then I’ll invert the piece - I’ll do the bowl one night and then I’ll flip it around and do the handle the next night. This overnight soaking is just for the first time, a really deep soaking, for when I’ve just completed carving a spoon and the wood has dried and I’m going to oil it for the very first time. I’ll do the overnight soaking once on the whole spoon, then when I remove it from the jar I use a small rag from a cotton T shirt to wipe off as much oil as I can. Then I take a second, dry rag and wipe off all the remaining oil with the dry rag. You want to rub it with a dry rag until there’s no more oil on the spoon. There actually is some on the surface, but you can’t really wipe off any more of it. important safety reminder: I always put rags that have tung oil on them into our wood stove, because when the tung oil oxidizes it gives off heat and if you have just the right conditions it can actually self combust. Because of this, I put my oily rags in our wood stove as a safety measure. You can also put them in water or put them outside, spread out (not wadded up). It’s mostly when they’re compressed and wadded up that they heat up, but if you spread them out the heat usually dissipates and they won’t catch fire, but either way they should NOT be left around the house or the shop. They can burn your house down. After the first application of oil has dried overnight, I like to wet the entire spoon down with water, which raises the grain of the wood. After that dries, I give the surface a light sanding to remove all the wood grain that has risen, either with 600 grit wet/dry sandpaper (you can even do a wet sanding with the oil to really finish it off nicely), or with 0000 synthetic steel wool. I will give my spoons just a light sanding between each coat of finish. You want to be careful not to sand through the finish as you build those coats, so don’t sand too aggressively or you might go back down through the layers you’ve been trying to build. After the initial soaking has dried, after raising the grain, drying the spoon again and after the light sanding, I’ll dip a rag in the oil/solvent mixture from the jar, wipe the spoon down with it and let it sit for 10 or 15 minutes. Then I wipe it off and repeat the process with the drying, light sanding and the rubbing/polishing. You can get away with just one or two layers of finish, but when you start getting up to 3 to 5 coats it really starts to build up a smooth surface and that’s the kind of finish that I appreciate. I like the built-up tung oil surface because it makes the spoons perform and look better over the long run. Using and cleaning wooden spoons seems to go a lot easier when they have a nice slick finish on them. The water will literally run off the spoon when you wash it. The other day I was at the Shelter Institute and a gentleman was talking to me about how he’s been finishing his spoons using mineral oil, but he wasn’t super happy with his results. An important thing to know about mineral oil is that it never actually hardens off. What happens is that it’s always washing off the surface, every time you wash the spoon with soap and water or get it near hot water, the finish washes off the surface and then the wood becomes dry, and it will look it too. It really changes the way the spoon looks and feels against your skin. The pores of the wood and any indentations or marks from carving will tend to hold food and dirt if it’s got this kind of soft surface. It’s like putting olive oil or something similar on the wood. I’ve found that the tung oil finish holds up much better than mineral oil or similar kinds of oils that don’t actually harden off. The idea of toxic finishes on spoons and bowls is a big concern for people, of course. (I really appreciate the Citra-magic for that reason, it’s nice to know that I’m not putting anything with strong chemical dryers on my spoons.) My understanding is that almost any finish, when it’s totally cured and dried, is going to be nontoxic and inert, especially if you wash your spoon with soap and water after you’re completely done finishing it and after the finish is fully cured. When your wooden ware is in daily use, the finish has to be reapplied occasionally, not all that often, but it does seem to wear over time so I do reapply the finish periodically. It’ll just build up more and more and your spoons will benefit from more protection. I think you’ll find with a finish that hardens off like tung oil does, you’ll be able to build up a surface that doesn’t require maintenance as often. some thoughts about containers - I have found that a large jar is the most durable, reusable and easy to seal container for the tung oil finish, but there are other ways to hold oil finish for spoons. Drew Langsner (at Country Workshops) was using a tray which he had made out of a big rectangular olive oil can by cutting the top off and leaving a lip about 4” high. He would pour his oil in there (he also uses tung oil), set spoons in it and then place a weight on top of the spoons to push them down below the surface. Once he was done soaking the spoons or butter spreaders, he’d pour the liquid back into a jar to re-use it later. If you don’t happen to have a jar or a can that’s large enough to do a really big spoon, I discovered an alternative this past summer which may help. You can use a large plastic bag instead and fill it with the tung oil/Citra-magic mixture, place your item to be oiled in the bag, squeeze the air out, seal it up and just let it soak there for a day or two. Then you can pour the finishing liquid out into a jar when you’re done in order to store it longer term. Unfortunately you’ll end up wasting some because you can’t really get it all out of the bag. But if you squeeze all of the air out of the plastic bag and seal it up, free from air, you can re-use your plastic bag quite a few times. And finally, here’s another type of finish I like a lot -
I used to finish my spoons with a polymerized linseed oil finish called Tried and True, there's one that has beeswax in it, it’s the ‘original’ Tried and True finish. I would coat the spoon with that, then I’d put it in the microwave for 5 to 10, maybe 15 seconds on high, until the spoon was really warm. The microwave would heat the spoon up from the inside and draw the oil and beeswax mixture into the wood. I used that finish on a lot of spoons. But now we live off the grid and we don’t have a microwave, so I switched. I think the finish soaks in better with the overnight method, and the tung oil creates a harder, less permeable finish on the wood as compared to linseed oil and so that is now definitely what I prefer.” - KK
53 Comments
Rev. Mary Bettencourt
3/4/2017 02:37:15 pm
I like the jar method too, and CitraSolve is great. Sometimes I add some liquid clove oil to it too.....great aroma and natural. I look forward to visiting or participating in a workshop in the future.
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Kenneth Kortemeier
3/7/2017 05:02:46 pm
Thanks Mary, I have not tried the clove oil myself but it sounds and I bet smells, lovely.
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Steven
3/7/2017 02:47:20 pm
Thanks Kenneth, I've found this to be very useful advice for someone just starting out doing this kind of work. Thanks for your clarity.
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Kenneth Kortemeier
3/7/2017 05:04:12 pm
Hello Steven, I am so glad you found the information helpful and that you are carving more spoons!
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Jamey
7/22/2017 05:18:00 am
What wood types do you find are best for making spoons?
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Kenneth Kortemeier
9/2/2017 09:32:51 am
Hi Jamey - check out our blog post about finding wood, it has some suggestions for wood species - http://www.mainecoastcraft.com/blog/finding-green-wood-for-carving
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Mitch
8/29/2017 11:01:10 pm
How long does the process of finishing a spoon with this method usually take? After the first soak, drying, wetting, drying and standing stage, how long does each subsequent layer take to cure in general? My pieces seem to retain a small amount of oil after a day or so. Enough that I notice it on my hands after picking up the piece. Any thoughts? I've also considered storing the curing pieces in a container with descicant bags while adding layers of finish. Would this be helpful in your opinion?
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Kenneth Kortemeier
9/2/2017 09:29:14 am
If the spoon is thoroughly wiped dry of the oil finish when it comes out of the solution, it should dry within about 24 hours without any additional procedures. Try fine sanding with 600 grit or 0000 steel wool to see if it is dry, it should make a white dust if it is dry enough. It sounds as if you may not be wiping the spoon completely dry after each application of the oil. Sometimes it will take two or three sections of a dry rag to get it completely oil free. It should be completely dry to the touch after wiping.
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Mitch
9/3/2017 07:39:14 pm
Great, I will try to be more thorough with wiping down the wood after applying the finish.
Christie Hauck
1/16/2018 02:54:03 pm
I am having a hard time locating Citrasolve. Tried the Shelter Institute and the Milk Paint Co. to no avail although they do sell a half Tung Oil/half citrus oil product for butcher block. Citra-Solv keeps coming up but it’s a degreaser-cleaner. Any advice?
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1/19/2018 11:10:09 am
The product name has been changed to Citra Magic and can be purchased through the Shelter Institute. Gallon buckets cost $39.99 and $10.95 for a quart.
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Christie Hauck
2/14/2018 04:37:34 pm
Thank you. I ended up getting the 50:50 solution from the Milk Paint Co. Went through the process and put 5 coats on the spoon. Let it cure for 3 weeks and noticed a crusting on the finish and some splotchy spots on the finish. Where did I go wrong?
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2/18/2018 01:42:58 pm
Well I am sorry about that, it sounds very frustrating to get such poor results after a lot of work.
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David Halter
2/21/2018 05:59:37 pm
I’ve been using mineral oil and beeswax on wooden utensils, but want to try a non-petroleum oil. Using tung oil do you ever have to renew the finish? If so, do you use the same process?
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2/26/2018 07:20:21 am
Hello Dave,
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3/15/2018 08:50:03 am
Hello Vee,
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Damie
11/7/2018 06:08:56 am
Hi Kenneth, thanks for sharing your knowledge of wood work with us. I would like to ask, is this finishing process also great for cutting boards? I tried it for my spoons and it was wonderful, but with the cutting boards, I’ll need a lot of tung oil and citrus solvent to soak them. Is there another process for cutting boards that doesn’t require a lot?
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Kenneth Kortemeier
8/6/2019 05:07:12 pm
Hello Damie,
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Tom
2/24/2019 10:10:39 pm
Great write up! I will try the soaking method with the chopsticks I am making. My question is, how does a tung oil finish hold up with heat? I am thinking that I will use my chopsticks for some cooking in simmering pots and pans. are there other finishes suited for this sort of thing?
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Kenneth Kortemeier
3/27/2019 08:08:50 am
Hello Tom,
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Thomas Rominski
3/27/2019 09:29:38 am
Thanks for the thoughtful reply. Yes I think that answers my question - general household cooking will wear them out over time. I want to make wooden utensils as presents for people and I don't want to say "by the way, you need to re-oil it once a year!" so the longest lasting finish is the goal for me.
Jim
8/6/2019 06:24:37 am
Kenneth, please comment on Tried and True mixed with the citrus product. Thanks!
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Kenneth Kortemeier
8/6/2019 04:30:21 pm
Hello Jim, The Tried and True I never mixed with citri-magic. I only used it straight and would thin it with heat to help it penetrate the wood. Although I have never tried it, I don't think there would be a problem to thin it with citri-magic. I know they sell a Danish Oil finish that they recommend using to mix into their other oil finishes to thin them. .
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matthew
12/1/2019 08:29:25 am
Hello, thank you for this post. How long do you let the spoon cure after the last coat of oil is applied?
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Ben
4/4/2020 01:01:44 am
Hey, I use pretty much the same method as you for green woodworking, I was just wondering how long you leave carved green wood spoons out to dry before you finish with tung oil. Thank you.
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Kenneth Kortemeier
4/13/2020 04:49:25 pm
Hello Ben,
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Stephen
6/10/2020 06:05:47 am
Hello Kenneth, really enjoyed reading about your process. I'm new to spoon carving and have a question regarding oil application. Some of my finished carvings (made using greenwood from a local park) look great before oiling but once the oil is applied they begin to develop grey patches. Another carving didn't go grey but some parts (which don't appear to be any different from the rest of the wood) go a darker, unattractive shade than the rest of the wood. I'm using organic hemp oil. I suspect it has something to do with my carving process (I take a relaxed approach and carve over the course of 7-10 days) Any ideas? Do I need to carve and seal quicker? Thank you
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Kenneth Kortemeier
6/30/2020 05:45:38 am
Hello Stephen,
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Mason
7/27/2020 01:33:09 pm
Hi, after the initial soak, wipe, wipe, dry overnight, water, dry, sand ... when you're adding coats 2-5, do you let the spoon dry overnight each time? Or just wipe on, dry for 10-15, wipe, apply over and over on the same day?
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Kenneth Kortemeier
7/31/2020 11:36:16 am
Hello Mason,
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9/23/2020 08:34:25 am
I have never used a wooden spoon before but my wife says they are the best utensils to cook with. Her birthday is next week and she really does love to cook but we don't have a wooden spoon. I think I'll find one that can be easily cleaned so I'll need one with a slick finish like you said so the water runs off it easily.
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Jeannette Tetz
10/5/2020 02:41:59 pm
I've been using the Tried and True Danish Oil (so no beeswax), the result is OK but I am not getting the kind of water resistance I would like. Will soaking, as you describe, yield a better result? Should I use the kind with wax in it (read something about hot liquid damaging the wax...)? Should I try the tung oil as you describe? Mostly I happened to have the plain polymerized linseed so that is what I went with, but I want the most durable spoons possible.
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Kenneth Kortemeier
10/6/2020 06:54:06 pm
Hello Jeanette,
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Karen J.
10/27/2020 03:12:26 pm
Kenneth,
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Kenneth Kortemeier
12/22/2020 03:11:35 pm
Hello Karen,
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12/16/2020 05:58:40 am
Just started making spoons,. I have used a beeswax. Finish and I’m wondering about using tung oil. Question, I suspect I will have to re sand before applying the tung oil, or can I nausea soap s and water?
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Kenneth Kortemeier
12/22/2020 03:00:43 pm
Hello Howard,
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Garrett Linck
1/14/2021 10:55:32 am
Regarding the Tried and True microwave method, after doing what you describe, would you do additional coats with the same method? And what is the ballpark drying time after? (Or in between coats if you did multiple).
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Ash
1/15/2021 08:37:37 am
Hi Kenneth, thank you for the article! My question is, can Goo-Gone substitute for Citra-Magic? It's a similar citrus-based solvent, right?
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Howard
2/3/2021 09:11:58 am
Hi Kenneth, thanks for your response in my earlier inquiry. I have ordered a citrus based solvent called Citra-Solv. I see it’s a Concentrate, do you use full strength or dilute it? Also I have a couple of coats of tung oil on a group of spoons, is it possible to soak these in the 50/50 solution or will the existing finish prevent any absorption?
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Sam
11/24/2023 07:31:00 am
So Citra-Solve is an acceptable substitute for Citra Magik?
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2/4/2021 05:53:52 am
Hello Howard,
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Tom Kirk
6/12/2021 07:36:46 am
Hi, thanks for the blog, I'm about to try carving some spoons for our (soon to be) first child. I live in the UK and I'm struggling to find citrasolv. The only thing I can find is a degreaser/cleaner, is that the correct type?
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Ray Branch
11/24/2021 05:15:53 am
Can basswood be used for spoons or is the wood too soft? Advantages vs disadvantages?
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6/9/2022 05:32:58 am
Hello Marilyn,
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David
6/20/2022 04:17:59 am
Thanks for this great article! I just finished a set of daily-use cooking spoons for wedding gifts. I did a soak plus two additional costs of tung oil. I'm wondering about maintenance instructions for the spoon recipients. Do you think they could touch up the spoons with something like mineral oil (or a wax?) and still keep the benefits of the original tung finish? Or will they just end up wearing down, and it's better to give the recipient a little jar of tung oil with instructions
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10/28/2022 02:47:59 pm
Does Boiled Linseed oil have any toxic additives? I was alway told years ago, oh I had my furniture for 22 years, that raw linseed oil does not dry completely. Any thought? Thanks
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10/29/2022 04:57:51 am
Hello Andy,
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Kaylene
12/25/2022 06:35:25 pm
This information is so clear and helpful to a beginner, many thanks.
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